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A Low protein diet
Loanne Allen B.Sc., Grad. Dip. Diet & Nutr., MDAA
Protein is an important macro- nutrient needed by the body for normal growth, wound healing, and the immune system.
Who needs to restrict Protein intake?
People with severe kidney or liver disease need to restrict their protein intake, as the body can’t eliminate protein efficiently. If too much protein is consumed, dangerous waste products can build up in the blood.
The major food sources of protein are:
High Protein Content
· Meat, fish, poultry, eggs
· Diary Products - milk, yoghurt, cheese etc
· Nuts, seeds, legumes, tofu, nut spreads & meat alternatives
Low Protein Content
· Vegetables
· Grains - bread, cereal, rice, pasta, noodles & biscuits
Trace Amounts of Protein
· Fruits
· Fats
· Sugars
How much Protein is recommended?
A healthy person requires about 1g of protein per kg of body weight (eg. A 60kg person requires 60g of protein per day)
A person recovering from an illness or injury may need more protein.
A person with kidney or liver disease may be restricted to as little as 30-40g per day. It is impossible to completely eliminate protein from your diet, however it can be restricted with the help from a dietitian or physician.
1) Try to include a small serve of high quality protein each day, such as meat, chicken, fish or eggs.
2) You may also need to restrict sodium/salt intake, particularly if you have high blood pressure or fluid retention.
3) Refer to the charts below to help limit protein and salt intake.
PROTEIN & SALT CONTENT OF VARIOUS FOODS
FatsOne serving contains: virtually no protein, 55 mg sodium
One serving equals:
Regular butter, margarine, oil 1 tsp
Mayonnaise 2 tsp
Light margarine or mayonnaise 1 Tbsp
Gravy 1 Tbsp
All salad dressings 2 Tbsp
Tartar Sauce 2 tsp
Note: To reduce sodium intake - Avoid commercially prepared gravy, gravy mixes, bacon fat, tomato sauce, soy sauce, oyster sauce and other salty sauces. Limit fats if you need to lose weight, however, if you need extra calories, use fat more freely as it adds a lot of calories to your diet.
FruitOne serving contains virtually no protein or sodium
One serving equals:
fresh, frozen, or canned fruit or fruit juice 2/3 cup
dried fruit 1/4 cup
VegetablesOne serving contains 1 gm protein, 15 mg sodium
One serving equals:
fresh, frozen, or low-salt canned vegetables 1/2 cup cooked or 1 cup raw
Avoid the following if you are reducing sodium intake: · canned vegetables · sauerkraut · pickles · canned tomato juice or vegetable juice · canned or bottled tomato sauce or spaghetti sauce
Meat and Meat SubstitutesOne serving contains 7 gm protein, 25 mg sodium.
One serving equals:
Lean beef, lamb, fresh pork, veal 25g
Chicken, turkey 25g
Fish 30g
Tuna – in spring water 30g
Eggs 1 average
Peanut Butter 2 Tbsp
Kidney beans 1/4 cup dry
Legumes (soybeans, lentils, chickpeas) 1/2 cup cooked
Cheese – salt reduced 30g
Avoid the following if you are also reducing sodium intake: · bacon · cold cuts (bologna, salami, loaf-type luncheon meats, or processed meats) · corned beef · ham · sausage · low-salt ham or cold cuts · hot dogs, chicken dogs · turkey ham, turkey bologna · regular canned tuna · regular TV dinners (special low-sodium dinners may be acceptable -- check protein content) · cottage cheese · processed cheeses and cheese spreads· canned beans
Grains and DessertsOne serving contains 2 grams protein, 80 mg sodium
Breads - One serving equals:
White Bread 1 slice (25g)
Rye or pumpernickel 1 slice (25g)
Dinner roll, crumpet, small pita bread, doughnut 1
Large bread roll, hot dog roll, bagel, English muffin ½
Dry Crackers – salt reduced 2 average
Breadsticks – unsalted 2
Pretzels – unsalted 4
Rice Cakes 2
Potato Chips – unsalted 15 chips
Grains, cooked - One serving equals:
Noodles, macaroni, pasta, rice 1/2 cup
Popcorn – unsalted 1 ½ cups
Pancake – no salt 1 medium
Cereals - One serving equals:
Cereals (creamed rice, oatmeal – no salt) 1/2 cup cooked
Dry Cereals – low salt 3/4 cup
Shredded wheat biscuits 1 biscuit
Cakes, Pastries, and Desserts - One serving equals:
Cakes 1 average piece
Muesli Bars 1 (25g bar)
Danish Pastry 1 average
Fruit pie or fruit cake 1 slice
Sweet Biscuits 2 small
Avoid the following if you are reducing sodium intake: · Cornflakes, Rice Krispies, Rice Bubbles etc · Instant Hot Cereals· Salted snack crackers, pretzels, potato chips · Packaged noodles, pasta, rice, or potato mixes · Stuffing mixes · Pancake mixes · Baking mixes - Special low-protein pasta, bread, crackers, cookies, and baking mixes are available.
Milk ProductsOne serving contains 4 gm protein, 80 mg sodium
One serving equals:
Milk – full cream or low fat 1/2 cup
Custard 1/2 cup
Ice cream 1/2 cup
Yoghurt, plain or fruit 1/2 cup
Sour cream 4 Tbsp
Cream cheese 3 Tbsp
Light cream 1/2 cup
BeveragesOne serving contains virtually no protein, <50 mg sodium
coffee fruit juices or fruit drinks
tea lemonade
soft drinks mineral water
Avoid milk-based beverages unless counted as part of milk allowance.
SweetsOne serving contains virtually no protein or sodium
Lollies 4
Jelly beans 10
Lollipops 2
Marshmallows 5 large
Popsicles 1
Gelatine 1/2 cup
Sugar (brown or white) 2 Tbsp
Honey 2 Tbsp
Jelly, jam, marmalade 2 Tbsp
Remember, sweets are a source of calories. Some people may need additional calories and should therefore use sweets freely. Those who need to lose weight should use sweets sparingly.
Condiments
Recommend:
pepperfresh or dried herbsflavoured powders (garlic, onion, etc.)lemon juicevinegar
Avoid:
bacon bitsbarbecue sauce, tomato saucechilli saucecooking winemeat tenderisersmonosodium glutamateprepared mustardregular salad dressingsseasoned salt (e.g., celery salt, garlic salt, onion salt)sea saltsoy saucesteak saucetartar sauce
Special Low-Protein Products
· Low-Protein Bread · Low-Protein Crackers & Rusks · Low-Protein Biscuits · Low-Protein Pasta · Low-Protein Baking Mix · Low-Protein Wheat Starch · Low-Protein Gelatine· Low-Protein Crackers· Low-Protein Cheese Sauce Mix
CARBOHYDRATE FOODS
1 Portion = 12g Carbohydrates
Breads & Cereals Portion Size
Bread - Whm, Brown, White 1 average slice (28g)
Bread - Mixed grain 1 average slice (28g)
Bread - Rye, Barley, Oat bran 2/3 thick slice
Bread - Pumpernickle 1/2 average slice
Bread - Fruit loaf, Raisin toast 1 slice (25g)
Bread - Fruit bun, Hot Cross bun 1/2 bun (25g)
Bread - Crumbs 1/4 cup (20g)
Bagels 1/4 medium
Bread Rolls - Hamburger roll 1/3 roll
- Salad roll 1/2 roll
- Dinner roll 1 small
Pita bread - Wholegrain 2/3 mini pocket
1/3 average pocket
Flat bread, Lebanese bread 1/4 flat bread
Saladas, water crackers 4 squares (20g)
Crackers, Rice/Prawn 5 biscuits (16g)
Crackers, Whm & Sesame 3 biscuits
Cracerbread, Vitawheat & Sao 2 biscuits
Crispbread, Ryvita & Premium 1.5 biscuits
Plain Sweet Biscuits 2 biscuits
Biscuit, Oatmeal & Wheatmeal 2 biscuits
Fruit filled Biscuits 2 biscuits
English muffin, all types 1/2 muffin
Crumpets 1/2 crumpet
Muffin, low fat 1/2 small
Sponge cake 40g
Pancakes 1 small (40g)
Piklets 1 average
Crepes 1/2 average
Waffles 2/3 waffle
Popcorn, popped 2.5 cups
Rice cakes 1.5 cakes (15g)
Taco Shells 1 shell
Tortilla, corn 1 average
Tortilla, flour 2/3 average
Breakfast Cereal Portion
Heavy cereal eg. Sultana Bran 1/3 cup (15g)
Light cereal eg. Guardian, Bran Flakes 1/2 cup (20g)
Muesli, AllBran, Oat bran 2 Tbsp (15g)
Mini Wheats 11 plain/ 7 fruit filled
Porridge - slow cooking oats, cooked 1/2 cup (130g)
Shredded Wheat 2/3 biscuit
Puffed cereal - Rice & Wheat 1 1/4 cup (15g)
Weet-bix & Vita Brits 1 1/3 biscuit
Cornflakes & Ricebubbles 1/2 cup (15g)
Grains & Pasta Portion
Flour - Wheat, Millet, Rye, barley 1.5 Tbsp (20g)
Flour - Rice, Potato 2 Tbsp (30g)
Flour - Soy, low fat 2 Tbsp (50g)
Bran - Oat 20g
Barley, Corn Meal, Rice bran 18g
Bulgar wheat, dry 20g
Bulgar wheat, boiled 1/4 cup (70g)
Oats, dry 1/4 cup (20g)
Cornstarch 1 heaped Tbsp (13g)
Sago 12g
Couscous 25g
Semolina 20g
Pasta, cooked 1/3 cup (50g)
Noodles, cooked 1/2 cup (55g)
Rice - Brown, Basmati, Long grain, doongara 1/3 cup (45g)
Fruit Portion
Apple 1 small or 1/2 large (85g)
Apple, canned, no sugar 1/2 cup (130g)
Apple Sauce 1/3 cup
Apricots 3 whole (170g)
Blackberries 2/3 cup (70g)
Blueberries 3/4 cup (100g)
Rasberries 1 1/2 cups (200g)
Strawberries 3 cups (435g)
Cherries 25 average (100g)
Fruit cocktail 2/3 cup
Grapefruit 1 whole (200g)
Grapes 30 grapes, 1/2 cup (90g)
Honeydew melon 1 cup (170g)
Lemon/Lime 6 average (600g)
Nectarine 2 medium (150g)
Orange 1 whole (130g)
Mandarine 2 whole (150g)
Peach 2 medium (130g)
Peaches, canned 2/3 cup (140g)
Pear 1/2 average (90g)
Pear, canned 2 halves (110g)
Plum 2 whole (150g)
Tangerine 2 whole (220g)
Bananas 1/2 medium (55g)
Cranberries 2/3 cup
Guava, cubed 2/3 cup
Fig 2 average
Kiwi Fruit 1 1/2 average (120g)
Mango 1 small or 1/2 cup
Papaya (Paw Paw) 1 cup, cubed
Pineapple 1 1/2 slices (90g)
Rockmelon 1 1/2 cups (250g)
Watermelon 1 1/4 cups (250g)
Sultanas & Raisins 1.5 Tbsp (20g)
Dried fruit, mixed 1.5 Tbsp (20g)
Dates 2 whole (16g)
Prunes 3 medium (25g)
Vegetables Portion
STARCHY
Corn 1/3 cup or 1/2 cob (60g)
Peas, green, boiled 1 cup (170g)
Potato, cooked 1 medium (85g)
1/3 cup, mashed
Parsnip 1/2 cup
Sweet Potato 1/3 cup, mashed (75g)
Pumpkin - Butternut, cooked 2/3 cup (160g)
- Qld Blue 120g
LESS STARCHY
Carrot, onion, beetroot, pumpkin(nugget),
swedes & squash 1.5 - 2 cups
Onion, cooked 1 cup or 3 whole (225g)
Leeks 2 cups or 4 whole (330g)
Squash 10 whole (340g)
NON_STARCHY - Unlimited
Asparagus, alfalfa sprouts, bamboo shoots, cabbage, cauliflower, capsicum, celery, cucumber, eggplant, endive, green beans, turnips, silverbeet, tomatoes, lettuce, snowpeas, parsley, peppers, raddish and herbs
Sauces & Condiments Portion
Tomato Sauce 2 Tbsp (50g)
Barbecue Sauce 1.5 tbsp (30g)
Plum & Sweet n Sour 1 Tbsp (25g)
Chilli & Blackbean Sauce 3 Tbsp (60g)
Pasta Sauce and Salsa Sauce 1/3 cup or 5 Tbsp (125g)
Relish 1.5 tbsp
Fruit Chutney 28g
Pickles, mustard 70g
Sweets Portion
Sugar - sucrose (avoid glucose & maltose) 2.5 tsp
Sugar - fructose & lactose 2.5 tsp
Sugar, icing 1 Tbsp
Syrup, maple 1 Tbsp
Syrup, pancake 1 Tbsp
Honey, molasses 1 Tbsp
Candy 1/4 bar
Lollies 3-4 lollies
Jam or jelly 1 Tbsp (20g)
Muesli bars 1/2 bar
Chocolate, milk 2 squares
Ice-cream, regular 2 scoops (100g)
Cordial, softdrinks 1/3 cup
Juice - Apple 1/2 cup
Fruit Juice 1/2 cup
FOOD WITH PROTEIN & CARBOHDRATE
1 Portion = 7g Protein + 12g Carbohydrate
Dairy Portion
Milk - fluid low fat (<1% fat) 1 cup
Milk - powder, low fat 3 Tbsp (25g)
Evaporated skim milk 1/2 cup
Buttermilk, skim 3/4 cup
Yoghurt - plain, low fat 1 cup (200g)
- fruit, artificial sweetner 1 cup (200g)
- fruit, added sugar 1/2 cup (100g)
Custard - powder & low fat milk 2/3 cup
Ice Confection - Dairy Bell Lite 2 scoops (100g)
Legumes Portion
Kidney beans - fresh, boiled 1/2 cup (85g)
Baked beans 1/3 cup (90g)
Haricot beans 1/2 cup (90g)
Mixed beans, canned 1/2 cup (90g)
Lima Beans 2/3 cup (110g)
Cannellini beans, canned 2/3 cup (110)
Lentils 1/2 cup (110g)
Chickpeas, canned 100g
Split peas, cooked 1/3 cup (160g)
PROTEIN FOODS
1Portion = 7g of protein
Protein foods Portion Size
Lean fresh meat - beef or veal 25g
Poultry - free range chicken or turkey 30g
Duck, Game meat 30g
Fish and Seafood 30g
Eggs - free range 1 whole (55g)
2 whites (60g)
Cheese ( < 10% Fat) 30g (1 slice)
Cottage Cheese, low fat 1/4 cup (50g)
Ricotta Cheese 3 Tbsp (60g)
Mozzarella, light 2 Tbsp (25g)
Soya Beans, canned 1/3 cup (80g)
boiled 1/4 cup (50g)
Tofu, firm 30g (1/4 cup)
Tofu, soft 90g
Soy Burgers 1/2 patty
Soy Sausages 2 links
Soy Hot Dog 1 link
Tofu patties, home made 150g
Soy grits 20g
Protein Powder 10g
Broccoli 150g
Brussel Sprouts 200g
Spinach, English, cooked 240g
Spinach, frozen, boiled 1 cup (200g)
Okra, cooked 25 pods (250g)
Mushrooms, raw 2 1/2 cups (175g)
Mushrroms, straw, asian, canned 1 cup (230g)
Zucchini, cooked 2 cups (310g)
FATS
1 portion = 2.5g fat
Monounsaturated - Best Choice Portion
Oil - olive, canola, peanut, almond 1/2 tsp
Nut spreads - peanutbutter, almond & macadamia 1 tsp (5g)
Nuts - almonds(4), cashews(5), peanuts(8) 6g
Nuts - hazlenuts, pecan 5g (2)
Nuts - macadamia 3g (1)
Tahini 1 tsp (5g)
Avocado 1 Tbsp (15g)
Nuts & Seeds - ground eg.LSA 1 tsp
Polyunsaturated Portion
Vegetable oil - safflower, sunflower, grapeseed, soya bean 1/2 tsp
Mayonnaise - light (10%Fat) 25g
Mayonnaise - regular 1 tsp
Walnuts, pine nut 1 tsp (5g)
Seeds - sunflower, pumpkin 1 tsp (6g)
Saturated Fats (animal fats) Portion
Buttter 1/2 tsp
Oil - coconut and palm 1/2 tsp
Coconut, fresh 10g
Coconut, desicated 5g
Coconut, cream 15ml
Cream 1 Tbsp
Cream cheese 2 tsp
Cream cheese (light) 4 tsp
Lard 1/2 tsp
Sour cream 1 Tbsp
Sour cream (light) 2 Tbsp
Vegetable shortening 1/2tsp
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